How are Photovoltaic Cells Created for Kids
Introduction to Photovoltaic Cells
Photovoltaic cells, also known as solar cells, are devices that convert sunlight into electricity. They are made from a material called semiconductor, such as silicon, and are used to power a variety of things, including calculators, street lights, and even homes.
Materials Needed for Creating Photovoltaic Cells
1. Semiconductor Material
The main material needed for creating photovoltaic cells is a semiconductor, such as silicon. Silicon is abundant in nature and is a popular choice for making solar cells due to its ability to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently.
2. Conductive Material
Another important material needed for creating photovoltaic cells is a conductive material, such as metal. This material helps to transfer the electricity generated by the semiconductor to the device it is powering.
3. Encapsulant Material
Lastly, an encapsulant material is needed to protect the photovoltaic cell from environmental factors, such as moisture and dirt. This material is usually a type of plastic that is transparent to allow sunlight to reach the semiconductor.
Steps for Creating Photovoltaic Cells
1. Silicon Purification
The first step in creating a photovoltaic cell is to purify the silicon, which involves melting it in a furnace and then allowing it to cool, creating a large, single crystal of silicon.
2. Wafer Formation
Next, the single crystal of silicon is sliced into thin wafers using a diamond saw. These wafers will serve as the base for the photovoltaic cell.
3. Doping
After the wafers are formed, they are doped with other elements, such as phosphorous and boron, to create an imbalance of electrons, which is necessary for the semiconductor to generate electricity when exposed to sunlight.
4. Assembly
Once the wafers are doped, they are assembled into photovoltaic cells by adding a conductive layer and encapsulant material to protect the cell from the environment.
5. Testing
Finally, the photovoltaic cells are tested to ensure they are generating electricity efficiently before being used in various applications.
Conclusion
Creating photovoltaic cells involves using semiconductor, conductive, and encapsulant materials to convert sunlight into electricity. The process includes purifying silicon, forming wafers, doping, assembly, and testing before the cells can be used to power different devices. Through understanding the creation process, kids can learn about the importance of renewable energy and how it can be harnessed from the sun.
