How Photovoltaics Work: A Visual Explanation

What are photovoltaics?

Photovoltaics, also known as solar panels, are devices that convert sunlight into electricity. They are made up of many smaller units called solar cells, which are typically made of silicon. When sunlight hits the solar cells, it causes a reaction that generates an electrical current.

How do photovoltaics work?

1. Absorption of sunlight

When photons from sunlight strike the solar cells, they are absorbed by the silicon material. This absorption causes electrons to be knocked loose from the atoms in the silicon, creating an electron-hole pair.

2. Creation of electric current

The electron-hole pairs created in the silicon material result in the generation of an electric current. This current flows through the solar cells and into an electrical circuit, where it can be used to power devices or stored in batteries for later use.

Benefits of photovoltaics

1. Renewable energy source

Solar panels harness the power of sunlight, which is a renewable and abundant resource. This means that photovoltaics can provide a steady source of electricity without depleting finite natural resources.

2. Low environmental impact

The process of generating electricity from photovoltaics produces no greenhouse gas emissions or other harmful pollutants. This makes solar energy an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional fossil fuels.

3. Cost savings

By generating their own electricity with photovoltaics, homeowners and businesses can reduce their reliance on grid-supplied power, leading to potential cost savings on energy bills.

Overall, photovoltaics offer a clean and sustainable way to harness the power of the sun to generate electricity. With advancements in technology and increasing affordability, solar panels are becoming an increasingly popular choice for energy generation around the world.